Aplicaciones de inteligencia artificial en educación superior latinoamericana: una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica (2015-2025)
Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, educación superior, equidad educativa, políticas educativas, América Latina
Resumen
La incorporación de inteligencia artificial en la educación superior ha generado transformaciones relevantes en enseñanza, aprendizaje y gestión universitaria. En América Latina este proceso ocurre en contextos marcados por desigualdades estructurales y brechas digitales. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la literatura científica sobre inteligencia artificial aplicada a la educación superior latinoamericana. Se realizó una revisión de artículos indexados en Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC y SciELO entre 2015 y 2025. Los resultados evidencian predominio de enfoques instrumentales orientados a eficiencia institucional, con escasa problematización de equidad, gobernanza y formación docente. Se concluye que la integración de IA requiere marcos pedagógicos, regulatorios y éticos orientados a una innovación educativa contextualizada.
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Citas
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Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Dignum, V. (2019). Responsible artificial intelligence: How to develop and use AI in a responsible way. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-5
Floridi, L. (2019). The ethics of artificial intelligence. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816796.001.0001
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Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2017). An introduction to systematic reviews. Sage.
Gros, B. (2016). The design of smart educational environments. Smart Learning Environments, 3, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-016-0039-x
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign. https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/AI-in-Education.pdf
Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Buckingham Shum, S., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., & Koedinger, K. R. (2022). Ethics of AI in education: Towards a community-wide framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., et al. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
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Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. (2021). OECD digital education outlook 2021: Pushing the frontiers with artificial intelligence, blockchain and robots. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/589b283f-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Artificial intelligence and education and skills. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/artificial-intelligence-and-education-and-skills.html
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, 2021). AI and education: Guidance for policy - makers. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379376
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, 2021). AI and education: Protecting the rights of learners. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000395373
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, 2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A. C., Welch, V. A., Whiting, P., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. Blackwell.
Santos, B. de Sousa. (2018). The end of the cognitive empire: The coming of age of epistemologies of the South. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478002000
Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.
Stahl, B. C., Antoniou, J., Ryan, M., Macnish, K., Jiya, T., & Chatfield, K. (2021). Artificial intelligence for a better future. AI & Society, 36(2), 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01136-4
Tlili, A., Burgos, D., Huang, R., Mishra, S., Sharma, R. C., & Bozkurt, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic review of emerging practices and challenges. Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 1–17.
Van Dijck, J. (2014). Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology. Surveillance & Society, 12(2), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776
Williamson, B. (2017). Big data in education: The digital future of learning, policy and practice. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714920(sagepub.com)
Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020). Historical threads and future directions in AI in education. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Dignum, V. (2019). Responsible artificial intelligence: How to develop and use AI in a responsible way. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-5
Floridi, L. (2019). The ethics of artificial intelligence. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816796.001.0001
García-Peñalvo, F. (2021). Avoiding the dark side of digital transformation in teaching. Education in the Knowledge Society, 22, e23695. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23695
Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2017). An introduction to systematic reviews. Sage.
Gros, B. (2016). The design of smart educational environments. Smart Learning Environments, 3, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-016-0039-x
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign. https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/AI-in-Education.pdf
Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Buckingham Shum, S., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., & Koedinger, K. R. (2022). Ethics of AI in education: Towards a community-wide framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., et al. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Morozov, E. (2013). To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism. PublicAffairs.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. (2021). OECD digital education outlook 2021: Pushing the frontiers with artificial intelligence, blockchain and robots. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/589b283f-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Artificial intelligence and education and skills. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/artificial-intelligence-and-education-and-skills.html
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, 2021). AI and education: Guidance for policy - makers. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379376
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, 2021). AI and education: Protecting the rights of learners. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000395373
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, 2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A. C., Welch, V. A., Whiting, P., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. Blackwell.
Santos, B. de Sousa. (2018). The end of the cognitive empire: The coming of age of epistemologies of the South. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478002000
Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.
Stahl, B. C., Antoniou, J., Ryan, M., Macnish, K., Jiya, T., & Chatfield, K. (2021). Artificial intelligence for a better future. AI & Society, 36(2), 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01136-4
Tlili, A., Burgos, D., Huang, R., Mishra, S., Sharma, R. C., & Bozkurt, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic review of emerging practices and challenges. Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 1–17.
Van Dijck, J. (2014). Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology. Surveillance & Society, 12(2), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776
Williamson, B. (2017). Big data in education: The digital future of learning, policy and practice. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714920(sagepub.com)
Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020). Historical threads and future directions in AI in education. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Publicado
2026-06-30
Cómo citar
Zambrano Millar, G. (2026). Aplicaciones de inteligencia artificial en educación superior latinoamericana: una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica (2015-2025). Revista Estudios En Educación, 9(16), 34-51. Recuperado a partir de //ojs.umc.cl/index.php/estudioseneducacion/article/view/474
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